沉沙
2018-05-17
来源 :
阅读 1851
评论 0
摘要:本篇MySQL教程用一个实例讲解了分表优化的方法,希望大家学习本篇MySQL教程以后能有所收获,学习会如何分表优化。
1、试验PROCEDURE.
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`$$
CREATE PROCEDURE `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`()
BEGIN
declare done int default 0;
declare v_user_name varchar(20) default '';
declare v_table_name varchar(64) default '';
-- Get all users' name.
declare cur1 cursor for select user_name from t_group group by user_name;
-- Deal with error or warnings.
declare continue handler for 1329 set done = 1;
-- Open cursor.
open cur1;
while done <> 1
do
fetch cur1 into v_user_name;
if not done then
-- Get table name.
set v_table_name = concat('t_group_',v_user_name);
-- Create new extra table.
set @stmt = concat('create table ',v_table_name,' like t_group');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
-- Load data into it.
set @stmt = concat('insert into ',v_table_name,' select * from t_group where user_name = ''',v_user_name,'''');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
end if;
end while;
-- Close cursor.
close cur1;
-- Free variable from memory.
set @stmt = NULL;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
2、试验表。
我们用一个有一千万条记录的表来做测试。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10388608 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
表结构。
mysql> desc t_group; +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | money | decimal(10,2) | NO | | | | | user_name | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | | | | create_time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | | +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
索引情况。
mysql> show index from t_group; +---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | +---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ | t_group | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 10388608 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | t_group | 1 | idx_user_name | 1 | user_name | A | 8 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 1 | user_name | A | 8 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 2 | money | A | 3776 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | +---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PS:
idx_combination1 这个索引是必须的,因为要对user_name来GROUP BY。此时属于松散索引扫描!当然完了后你可以干掉她。
idx_user_name 这个索引是为了加快单独执行constant这种类型的查询。
我们要根据用户名来分表。
mysql> select user_name from t_group where 1 group by user_name; +-----------+ | user_name | +-----------+ | david | | leo | | livia | | lucy | | sarah | | simon | | sony | | sunny | +-----------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
所以结果表应该是这样的。
mysql> show tables like 't_group_%'; +------------------------------+ | Tables_in_t_girl (t_group_%) | +------------------------------+ | t_group_david | | t_group_leo | | t_group_livia | | t_group_lucy | | t_group_sarah | | t_group_simon | | t_group_sony | | t_group_sunny | +------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、对比结果。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name = 'david'; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 1298576 | +----------+ 1 row in set (1.71 sec)
执行了将近2秒。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group_david; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 1298576 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name <> 'david'; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 9090032 | +----------+ 1 row in set (9.26 sec)
执行了将近10秒,可以想象,这个是实际的项目中是不能忍受的。
mysql> select (select count(*) from t_group) - (select count(*) from t_group_david) as total; +---------+ | total | +---------+ | 9090032 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
我们来看看聚集函数。
对于原表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david'; +------------+------------+ | min(money) | max(money) | +------------+------------+ | -6.41 | 500.59 | +------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最小,最大值都是FULL INDEX SCAN。所以是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david'; +--------------+------------+ | sum(money) | avg(money) | +--------------+------------+ | 319992383.84 | 246.417910 | +--------------+------------+ 1 row in set (2.15 sec)
其他聚集函数的结果就不是FULL INDEX SCAN了。耗时2.15秒。
对于小表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david; +------------+------------+ | min(money) | max(money) | +------------+------------+ | -6.41 | 500.59 | +------------+------------+ 1 row in set (1.50 sec)
最大最小值完全是FULL TABLE SCAN,耗时1.50秒,不划算。以此看来。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david; +--------------+------------+ | sum(money) | avg(money) | +--------------+------------+ | 319992383.84 | 246.417910 | +--------------+------------+ 1 row in set (1.68 sec)
取得这两个结果也是花了快2秒,快了一点。
我们来看看这个小表的结构。
mysql> desc t_group_david; +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ | id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | money | decimal(10,2) | NO | | | | | user_name | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | | | | create_time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | | +-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
明显的user_name属性是多余的。那么就干掉它。
mysql> alter table t_group_david drop user_name; Query OK, 1298576 rows affected (7.58 sec) Records: 1298576 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
现在来重新对小表运行查询
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david; +------------+------------+ | min(money) | max(money) | +------------+------------+ | -6.41 | 500.59 | +------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david; +--------------+------------+ | sum(money) | avg(money) | +--------------+------------+ | 319992383.84 | 246.417910 | +--------------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.94 sec)
这次算是控制在一秒以内了。
mysql> Aborted
总结一下:分出的小表的属性尽量越少越好。大胆的去干吧。
本文由职坐标整理发布,欢迎关注职坐标MySQL频道,学习更多数据库知识!
喜欢 | 0
不喜欢 | 0
您输入的评论内容中包含违禁敏感词
我知道了

请输入正确的手机号码
请输入正确的验证码
您今天的短信下发次数太多了,明天再试试吧!
我们会在第一时间安排职业规划师联系您!
您也可以联系我们的职业规划师咨询:
版权所有 职坐标-一站式AI+学习就业服务平台 沪ICP备13042190号-4
上海海同信息科技有限公司 Copyright ©2015 www.zhizuobiao.com,All Rights Reserved.
沪公网安备 31011502005948号