本文主要向大家介绍了MySQL数据库之Heartbeat+Drbd+Mysql主从高可用实现 ，通过具体的内容向大家展现，希望对大家学习MySQL数据库有所帮助。

在上一篇中已经实现了MySQL服务的高可用，MySQL的数据目录放在drbd的共享目录中，并且只有获取到heartbeat资源的VIP才能挂载共享目录，从而启动MySQL服务，但是两端的数据使用drbd同步，保证发生故障时，服务和资源能够从一个节点切换到另外一个节点，下面是一个简略的架构图：

对于MySQL服务，一般在生产环境中都要做主从结构，从而保证数据的完整性，所以这次要在这个架构的前提下，在两个heartbeat节点下再部署一台MySQL从库，而主库是heartbeat集群中的一台（主库的IP设置为VIP地址），从而实现发生故障时，从库可以自动切换到另一台主库下面，主从同步的状态保持稳定。

当heartbeat01获取VIP时，MySQL主库跑在heartbeat01上，MySQL从库从heartbeat01同步数据，heartbeat02相当于备份服务器，通过drbd的块设备同步heartbeat01上drbd目录的内容。

当heartbeat02获取VIP时，MySQL主库跑在heartbeat02上，MySQL从库从heartbeat02同步数据，heartbeat01相当于备份服务器，通过drbd的块设备同步heartbeat02上drbd目录的内容。

注意：本文中出现的节点1/节点2都是指heartbeat的节点，而Master节点/Slave节点都是指MySQL节点。

一、环境准备

这里需要添加一台主机，主要信息如下：

主机名    角色    IP地址    

server136.contoso.com    MySQL从库（Slave）    192.168.49.136    

以下都在上一篇的基础上完成《Heartbeat+Drbd+MySQL高可用》

1）两个节点上依次启动heartbeat服务：

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

Starting High-Availability services: INFO:  Resource is stopped

Done.

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# /etc/init.d/heartbeat start

Starting High-Availability services: INFO:  Resource is stopped

Done.

2）检查两个节点的状态

节点1heartbeat01：

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# ip a |grep 49.100

    inet 192.168.49.100/24 scope global eth1

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)

GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37

 0: cs:Connected ro:Primary/Secondary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

    ns:216 nr:0 dw:216 dr:3929 al:4 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# ll /data

total 16

drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 27 01:17 lib

drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 27 01:21 lock

drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 27 01:18 log

drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 27 01:17 run

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld status

mysqld (pid  2414) is running...

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# lsof -i :3306

COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld  2414 mysql   18u  IPv4  12859      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

节点2 heartbeat02：

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# ip a |grep 49.100

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# cat /proc/drbd

version: 8.3.16 (api:88/proto:86-97)

GIT-hash: a798fa7e274428a357657fb52f0ecf40192c1985 build by phil@Build64R6, 2014-11-24 14:51:37

 0: cs:Connected ro:Secondary/Primary ds:UpToDate/UpToDate C r-----

    ns:0 nr:784 dw:784 dr:0 al:0 bm:0 lo:0 pe:0 ua:0 ap:0 ep:1 wo:f oos:0

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# ll /data

total 0

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld status

mysqld is stopped

二、MySQL主从复制

1、配置heartbeat01

因为节点1（heartbeat01）目前正在运行数据库，所以需要先在heartbeat01上进行配置，当然如果MySQL和heartbeat的资源正在运行在heartbeat02上，也可以先对heartbeat02进行配置，配置的目的是保证两个节点上MySQL Master节点的配置完成，且能正常运行。

1）配置/etc/my.cnf，添加Master配置

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak$(date +%F)

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# diff /etc/my.cnf.bak2016-09-27 /etc/my.cnf

6a7,10

> ######################################

> #add master settings

> log-bin=mysql-bin

> server-id=1

# 主从配置就不多讲了，网上的教程有很多，这里也只是开启了binlog并添加serverID，没有做详细的设置。

2）导出Master节点的数据

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --database tb01 > /root/tb01.sql

# 因为之前我创建了一个tb01的数据库，所以这里先将该数据库备份

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# ll tb01.sql 

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2008 Sep 27 22:14 tb01.sql

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# scp tb01.sql 192.168.49.136:/tmp/

root@192.168.49.136's password: 

tb01.sql                                                   100% 2008     2.0KB/s   00:00    

# 然后通过scp拷贝到MySQL从库（server136）上

3）创建备份账号

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

# 登录MySQL

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.49.136' identified by 'rep@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 创建主从同步账号并授权

mysql> select Host,User,Password from mysql.user;
+-------------------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host                    | User        | Password                                  |
+-------------------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost               | root        | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| heartbeat01.contoso.com | root        |                                           |
| 127.0.0.1               | root        |                                           |
| localhost               |             |                                           |
| heartbeat01.contoso.com |             |                                           |
| 192.168.49.136          | replication | *6E0E8E398CC10050A0AF2E9B4B27FBF3181D220A |
+-------------------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 检查一下创建的结果

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

4）重启MySQL，查询Master状态

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      344 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

2、配置heartbeat02

因为heartbeat02暂时没有获取VIP，也未运行MySQL服务，所以只需要修改/etc/my.cnf文件，将Master的配置加入进去即可，这里采用scp的方式从节点1上复制过来。

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak$(date +%F)

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# scp heartbeat01:/etc/my.cnf /etc/

Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '172.16.49.133' to the list of known hosts.

root@heartbeat01's password: 

my.cnf                                                     100%  345     0.3KB/s   00:00    

[root@heartbeat02 ~]# diff /etc/my.cnf.bak2016-09-27 /etc/my.cnf

6a7,10

> ######################################

> #add master settings

> log-bin=mysql-bin

> server-id=1

3、配置Slave节点（server136）

1）安装MySQL

[root@server136 ~]# yum -y install mysql-devel mysql-server

[root@server136 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

[root@server136 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'

2）修改配置文件

[root@server136 ~]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak$(date +%F)

[root@server136 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[root@server136 ~]# diff /etc/my.cnf.bak2016-09-28 /etc/my.cnf

6a7,9

> ####################################

> #add slave settings

> server-id=2

# 只需要在/etc/my.cnf中添加一行server-id=值

3）导入Master上导出的数据

[root@server136 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@server136 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /tmp/tb01.sql

下面进入MySQL数据库查看一下导入的数据：

[root@server136 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 6

Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select * from tb01.staff;

+----+-------+

| id | name  |

+----+-------+

|  1 | Tom   |

|  2 | Jerry |

+----+-------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit

Bye

4）启动slave节点

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host = '192.168.49.100',
    -> master_user = 'replication',
    -> master_password = 'rep@123',
    -> master_log_file = 'mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos = 344;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.49.100
                  Master_User: replication
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 344
               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 251
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #这两项为Yes说明主从复制成功
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 344
              Relay_Log_Space: 407
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5）主从复制测试

现在在Master上创建一张表，并插入数据：

[root@heartbeat01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current in    

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